HDR merge
HDR merge combines several photos of the same scene at different exposures into one file with a much larger dynamic range. That way you keep detail in both the bright sky and the dark shadows, which wouldn't fit in a single shot. It's the go-to solution for high-contrast scenes.
When shooting, make a bracket of, say, three exposures from a tripod, and merge those into HDR in Lightroom or Photoshop. Lightroom produces a DNG with extra leeway that you then edit with the normal sliders for a natural result. If something moves in the frame (branches, water, people), use the deghost option against ghosting. Keep your edit subtle, because HDR is meant to rescue detail, not to force an unnatural look.
Related terms
Prefer a look in one click?
The presets on this site set these adjustments up for you as a starting point, which you then fine-tune to taste.