Clipping mask
A clipping mask shows an upper layer only within the shape or content of the layer below it. The bottom layer defines where the top one is visible. Handy to keep an adjustment or texture neatly inside one element.
Hold Alt and click between two layers, or choose Create Clipping Mask from the menu. Often used to make an adjustment layer affect only the layer below instead of the whole image. Also ideal for placing a texture or color inside text or a shape. Tip: a little arrow next to the layer shows the clipping mask is active.
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The presets on this site set these adjustments up for you as a starting point, which you then fine-tune to taste.